> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.hackjiji.org/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.hackjiji.org/general/encoding-decoding.md).

# Encoding/decoding

CyberChef can encode and decode a wide variety of languages. It's especially useful when the encoding technique is unknown, as it offers functionality to automatically detect and decode the encoding method used.

{% embed url="<https://cyberchef.org/>" %}

## Base64/HEX/ROT13 encoding and decoding

<pre class="language-bash"><code class="lang-bash"># base64 encode
<strong>echo hackthebox | base64
</strong><strong>
</strong><strong># base64 decode	
</strong>echo ENCODED_B64 | base64 -d
	
# hex encode
echo hackthebox | xxd -p
	
# hex decode
echo ENCODED_HEX | xxd -p -r	

# rot13 encode
echo hackthebox | tr 'A-Za-z' 'N-ZA-Mn-za-m'
	
# rot13 decode
echo ENCODED_ROT13 | tr 'A-Za-z' 'N-ZA-Mn-za-m'	
</code></pre>

## &#x20;Encode to base64 and then to md5sum

```shell-session
echo -n 1 | base64 -w 0 | md5sum

cdd96d3cc73d1dbdaffa03cc6cd7339b -
```

Tip: We are using the `-n` flag with `echo`, and the `-w 0` flag with `base64`, to avoid adding newlines, in order to be able to calculate the `md5` hash

* Script to automatically perform a encoding for uid's starting from 1 to 10.
  * Using `tr -d` to remove the trailing `-` characters, as follows:

```html
for i in {1..10}; do echo -n $i | base64 -w 0 | md5sum | tr -d ' -'; done

cdd96d3cc73d1dbdaffa03cc6cd7339b
0b7e7dee87b1c3b98e72131173dfbbbf
0b24df25fe628797b3a50ae0724d2730
f7947d50da7a043693a592b4db43b0a1
8b9af1f7f76daf0f02bd9c48c4a2e3d0
006d1236aee3f92b8322299796ba1989
b523ff8d1ced96cef9c86492e790c2fb
d477819d240e7d3dd9499ed8d23e7158
3e57e65a34ffcb2e93cb545d024f5bde
5d4aace023dc088767b4e08c79415dcd
```